Difference between SATA I, SATA II and SATA III chipset/interface | Diferença entre SATA I, SATA II e SATA III

Evolution of Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)

	SATA I	SATA II	SATA III
Development Year	2003	2004	2009
Interface speed	1.5 Gbit/s	3.0 Gbit/s	6.0 Gbit/s
Throughput	150 MB/s	300 MB/s	600 MB/s
NCQ technology	No	Yes	Yes
Hot Swapping	Yes	Yes	Yes

SATA I

The SATA interface (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) was developed in the 2000s and was the first version was launched in the year 2003. SATA was developed to replace the IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) interface that to date was the default interface on all computers. But after many years of evolution of the IDE interface, it could only achieve a maximum of 133 MegaBytes per second of data transmission speed, while the new SATA interface could reach 150 MB/s of data transmission in its first version. But the advantages of SATA over IDE was not just the speed, the SATA interface allowed: a greater number of hard drive connections on the motherboard; lower consumption of electricity; and allows Hot Swapping, which consists of connecting a hard drive with the computer turned on.

SATA II

The market adherence to this interface was huge, and a year later a new revision was ready (SATA II). This new version had as is main objective to correct a problem of the previous version and introduced the technology NCQ (Native Command Queuing), that allowed the multiple requested at the same time to a hard drive. This new version also doubled the speed of data transmission, reaching 300 MB/s.

SATA III

The third revision of the interface (SATA III) came 5 years later, and again doubled the data transmission speed in the previous version, reaching 600 MB/s. With this new revision, further reduced the power consumption by and hard drive, it opened up the possibility for new data storage technologies, and Solid State Drives (SSD) started to appear.

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PORTUGUESE | PORTUGUÊS

Diferença entre SATA I, SATA II e SATA III

SATA I

A interface SATA significa (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) foi desenvolvida nos anos 2000 e lançado no ano 2003 a primeira versão. SATA foi desenvolvida para substituir a interface IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) que até à data era a interface padrão em todos os computadores. Mas após muitos anos de evolução da interface IDE, apenas conseguia atingir um máximo de 133 MegaBytes por segundo de velocidade de transmissão de dados, enquanto que a nova interface SATA conseguia atingir 150 MB/s de transmissão de dados logo na sua primeira versão. Mas as vantagens de SATA sobre IDE não era apenas a velocidade, a interface SATA permitia: um maior número de ligação de discos rígidos na motherboard; menor consumo de energia elétrica; e permite Hot Swapping, que consiste em conectar um disco rígido com o comutador ligado. 

SATA II

A adesão do mercado por esta interface foi enorme, e um ano depois uma nova revisão estava pronta (SATA II). Esta nova versão tinha como principal objetivo corrigir um problema da versão anterior e introduzir a tecnologia NCQ (Native Command Queuing), que permitia que os discos rígidos múltiplos pedidos ao mesmo tempo. Esta nova versão também dobrou a velocidade de transmissão de dados, chegando aos 300 MB/s.

SATA III

A terceira revisão da interface (SATA III) surgiu 5 anos depois, e novamente dobrou a velocidade de transmissão de dados possível na versão anterior, chegando aos 600 MB/s. Com esta nova revisão a reduzir ainda mais o consumo de energia pelo disco rígido, abriu a possibilidade para novas tecnologias de armazenamento de dados, e surgiram os discos SSD (Solid State Drives).

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FRENCH | FRANÇAIS

Différence entre SATA I, SATA II et SATA III

SATA I

L'interface SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) a été développée dans les années 2000 et la première version a été lancée en 2003. SATA a été développé pour remplacer l'interface IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) qui était l'interface par défaut sur tous les ordinateurs. Mais après de nombreuses années d'évolution de l'interface IDE, il ne pouvait atteindre que 133 MegaBytes par seconde de vitesse de transmission de données, alors que la nouvelle interface SATA pouvait atteindre 150 Mo / s de transmission de données dans sa première version. Mais les avantages de SATA sur IDE n'étaient pas seulement la vitesse, l'interface SATA autorisée: un plus grand nombre de connexions de disque dur sur la carte mère; baisse de la consommation d'électricité; et permet le remplacement à chaud, qui consiste à connecter un disque dur avec l'ordinateur allumé.

SATA II

L'adhésion du marché à cette interface était énorme, et un an plus tard une nouvelle révision était prête (SATA II). Cette nouvelle version avait comme objectif principal de corriger un problème de la version précédente et a introduit la technologie NCQ (Native Command Queuing), qui permettait le multiple demandé en même temps sur un disque dur. Cette nouvelle version a également doublé la vitesse de transmission des données, atteignant 300 Mo / s.

SATA III

La troisième révision de l'interface (SATA III) est venue 5 ans plus tard, et a encore doublé la vitesse de transmission de données dans la version précédente, atteignant 600 Mo / s. Avec cette nouvelle révision, encore réduit la consommation d'énergie par et le disque dur, il a ouvert la possibilité de nouvelles technologies de stockage de données, et SSD (Solid State Drives) a commencé à apparaître.

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SPANISH | ESPAÑOL

Diferencia entre SATA I, SATA II y SATA III

SATA I

La interfaz SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) se desarrolló en la década de 2000 y fue la primera versión lanzada en el año 2003. SATA se desarrolló para reemplazar la interfaz IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) que hasta la fecha era la interfaz predeterminada en todas las computadoras. Pero después de muchos años de evolución de la interfaz IDE, solo podía alcanzar un máximo de 133 MegaBytes por segundo de velocidad de transmisión de datos, mientras que la nueva interfaz SATA podía alcanzar 150 MB / s de transmisión de datos en su primera versión. Pero las ventajas de SATA sobre IDE no eran solo la velocidad, la interfaz SATA permitía: una mayor cantidad de conexiones de disco duro en la placa madre; menor consumo de electricidad; y permite el intercambio en caliente, que consiste en conectar un disco duro con la computadora encendida.

SATA II

La adherencia del mercado a esta interfaz fue enorme, y un año después estaba lista una nueva revisión (SATA II). Esta nueva versión tenía como objetivo principal corregir un problema de la versión anterior e introdujo la tecnología NCQ (Native Command Queuing), que permitía las múltiples solicitudes al mismo tiempo a un disco duro. Esta nueva versión también duplicó la velocidad de transmisión de datos, alcanzando 300 MB / s.

SATA III

La tercera revisión de la interfaz (SATA III) se produjo cinco años más tarde, y volvió a duplicar la velocidad de transmisión de datos en la versión anterior, alcanzando los 600 MB / s. Con esta nueva revisión, se redujo aún más el consumo de energía y el disco duro, se abrió la posibilidad de nuevas tecnologías de almacenamiento de datos, y comenzaron a aparecer las unidades de estado sólido (SSD).

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GERMAN | DEUTSCHE

Unterschied zwischen SATA I, SATA II und SATA III

SATA I

Die SATA-Schnittstelle (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) wurde in den 2000er Jahren entwickelt und war die erste Version im Jahr 2003. SATA wurde entwickelt, um die IDE-Schnittstelle (Integrated Drive Electronics) zu ersetzen, die bisher die Standardschnittstelle auf allen Computern war. Aber nach vielen Jahren der Entwicklung der IDE-Schnittstelle konnte es nur eine maximale Datenübertragungsgeschwindigkeit von 133 Megabyte pro Sekunde erreichen, während die neue SATA-Schnittstelle in der ersten Version 150 MB / s Datenübertragung erreichen konnte. Aber die Vorteile von SATA über IDE war nicht nur die Geschwindigkeit, die SATA-Schnittstelle erlaubt: eine größere Anzahl von Festplattenanschlüssen auf dem Motherboard; geringerer Stromverbrauch; und ermöglicht Hot Swapping, bei dem eine Festplatte mit dem Computer verbunden wird.

SATA II

Die Markttreue zu dieser Schnittstelle war enorm, und ein Jahr später war eine neue Revision (SATA II) fertig. Diese neue Version hatte als Hauptziel, ein Problem der Vorgängerversion zu beheben und führte die Technologie NCQ (Native Command Queuing) ein, die es ermöglichte, mehrere gleichzeitig auf eine Festplatte zu laden. Diese neue Version verdoppelte auch die Geschwindigkeit der Datenübertragung und erreichte 300 MB / s.

SATA III

Die dritte Revision der Schnittstelle (SATA III) kam 5 Jahre später und verdoppelte erneut die Datenübertragungsgeschwindigkeit in der vorherigen Version und erreichte 600 MB / s. Mit dieser neuen Version wurde der Stromverbrauch von Festplatte und Festplatte weiter reduziert, und es wurde die Möglichkeit für neue Datenspeichertechnologien eröffnet, und Solid State Drives (SSD) erschienen.

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ITALIAN | ITALIANO

Differenza tra SATA I, SATA II e SATA III

SATA I

L'interfaccia SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) è stata sviluppata negli anni 2000 ed è stata lanciata la prima versione nel 2003. SATA è stato sviluppato per sostituire l'interfaccia IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) che fino ad oggi era l'interfaccia predefinita su tutti i computer. Ma dopo molti anni di evoluzione dell'interfaccia IDE, è stato possibile raggiungere un massimo di 133 MegaByte al secondo di velocità di trasmissione dati, mentre la nuova interfaccia SATA potrebbe raggiungere i 150 MB / s di trasmissione dati nella sua prima versione. Ma i vantaggi di SATA rispetto a IDE non erano solo la velocità, l'interfaccia SATA consentiva: un maggior numero di connessioni del disco rigido sulla scheda madre; minor consumo di energia elettrica; e consente Hot swapping, che consiste nel collegare un disco rigido con il computer acceso.

SATA II

L'aderenza al mercato di questa interfaccia era enorme e un anno dopo era pronta una nuova revisione (SATA II). Questa nuova versione aveva come obiettivo principale quello di correggere un problema della versione precedente e ha introdotto la tecnologia NCQ (Native Command Queuing), che consentiva il multiplo richiesto allo stesso tempo su un disco rigido. Questa nuova versione ha anche raddoppiato la velocità di trasmissione dei dati, raggiungendo i 300 MB / s.

SATA III

La terza revisione dell'interfaccia (SATA III) arrivò 5 anni dopo e raddoppiò nuovamente la velocità di trasmissione dati nella versione precedente, raggiungendo i 600 MB / s. Con questa nuova revisione, ha ridotto ulteriormente il consumo energetico e il disco rigido, ha aperto la possibilità di nuove tecnologie di archiviazione dei dati e sono stati avviati i Solid State Drives (SSD).

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CHINESE | 中文

SATA I，SATA II和SATA III之间的区别

SATA I

SATA接口（串行高级技术附件）开发于2000年代，是2003年推出的第一个版本.SATA开发用于取代IDE（集成驱动电子设备）接口，该接口迄今为所有计算机上的默认接口。但是经过多年IDE接口的发展，它的数据传输速度最高只能达到每秒133兆字节，而新的SATA接口在其第一版本中可达到150 MB / s的数据传输速度。但SATA在IDE上的优势不仅仅在于速度，SATA接口允许：主板上有更多的硬盘驱动器连接;降低电力消耗;并允许热插拔，其中包括连接硬盘驱动器和打开计算机。

SATA II

市场对该界面的坚持程度非常高，一年后新版本已经准备就绪（SATA II）。这个新版本的主要目标是纠正以前版本的问题，并引入了NCQ（本地命令队列）技术，该技术允许将多个请求同时请求到硬盘驱动器。这个新版本还将数据传输速度提高了一倍，达到了300 MB / s。

SATA III

接口（SATA III）的第三个版本是在5年后发布的，并且在之前的版本中数据传输速度再次提高了一倍，达到600 MB / s。通过这一新版本，进一步降低了功耗和硬盘驱动器，为新的数据存储技术开创了可能性，并开始出现固态硬盘（SSD）。

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RUSSIAN | РУССКИЙ

Разница между SATA I, SATA II и SATA III

SATA I

Интерфейс SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) был разработан в 2000-х годах и был первой версией, выпущенной в 2003 году. SATA была разработана для замены интерфейса IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics), который на сегодняшний день был интерфейсом по умолчанию на всех компьютерах. Но после многолетней эволюции интерфейса IDE он мог достичь не более 133 мегабайт в секунду скорости передачи данных, а новый интерфейс SATA мог достичь 150 МБ / с передачи данных в своей первой версии. Но преимущества SATA по сравнению с IDE были не просто скоростью, а интерфейсом SATA позволило: большее количество подключений жесткого диска на материнской плате; снижение потребления электроэнергии; и позволяет «Горячую замену», которая состоит из подключения жесткого диска с включенным компьютером.

SATA II

Приверженность рынку этому интерфейсу была огромной, и через год была готова новая версия (SATA II). Эта новая версия была главной целью, чтобы исправить проблему предыдущей версии и внедрила технологию NCQ (Native Command Queuing), которая позволила одновременно запрограммировать несколько дисков на жесткий диск. Эта новая версия также удвоила скорость передачи данных, достигнув 300 Мбайт / с.

SATA III

Третья ревизия интерфейса (SATA III) появилась через 5 лет и снова удвоила скорость передачи данных в предыдущей версии, достигнув 600 МБ / с. Благодаря этой новой редакции, еще больше уменьшив потребление энергии и жесткий диск, она открыла возможность для новых технологий хранения данных, а Solid State Drives (SSD) начали появляться.

Evolution of the Intel x86 Microprocessor (1978-2008)

ARM and MIPS were the vision of single small groups in 1985; the pieces of these architectures fit nicely together, and the whole architecture can be described succinctly. Such is not the case for the x86; it is the product of several independent groups who evolved the architecture over 30 years, adding new features to the original instruction set as someone might add clothing to a packed bag. Here are important x86 milestones.

• 1978: The Intel 8086 architecture was announced as an assembly languagecompatible extension of the then successful Intel 8080, an 8-bit microprocessor. The 8086 is a 16-bit architecture, with all internal registers 16 bits wide. Unlike MIPS, the registers have dedicated uses, and hence the 8086 is not considered a general-purpose register architecture.
• 1980: The Intel 8087 floating-point coprocessor is announced. This architecture extends the 8086 with about 60 floating-point instructions. Instead of using registers, it relies on a stack.
• 1982: The 80286 extended the 8086 architecture by increasing the address space to 24 bits, by creating an elaborate memory-mapping and protection model, and by adding a few instructions to round out the instruction set and to manipulate the protection model.
• 1985: The 80386 extended the 80286 architecture to 32 bits. In addition to a 32-bit architecture with 32-bit registers and a 32-bit address space, the 80386 added new addressing modes and additional operations. The added instructions make the 80386 nearly a general-purpose register machine. The 80386 also added paging support in addition to segmented addressing. Like the 80286, the 80386 has a mode to execute 8086 programs without change.
• 1989-95: The subsequent 80486 in 1989, Pentium in 1992, and Pentium Pro in 1995 were aimed at higher performance, with only four instructions added to the user-visible instruction set: three to help with multiprocessing and a conditional move instruction.
• 1997: After the Pentium and Pentium Pro were shipping, Intel announced that it would expand the Pentium and the Pentium Pro architectures with MMX (Multi Media Extensions). This new set of 57 instructions uses the floating-point stack to accelerate multimedia and communication applications. MMX instructions typically operate on multiple short data elements at a time, in the tradition of single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) architectures. Pentium II did not introduce any new instructions.
• 1999: Intel added another 70 instructions, labeled SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions) as part of Pentium III. The primary changes were to add eight separate registers, double their width to 128 bits, and add a single precision floating-point data type. Hence, four 32-bit floating-point operations can be performed in parallel. To improve memory performance, SSE includes cache prefetch instructions plus streaming store instructions that bypass the caches and write directly to memory.
• 2001: Intel added yet another 144 instructions, this time labeled SSE2. The new data type is double precision arithmetic, which allows pairs of 64-bit floating-point operations in parallel. Almost all of these 144 instructions are versions of existing MMX and SSE instructions that operate on 64 bits of data in parallel. Not only does this change enable more multimedia operations, it gives the compiler a different target for floating-point operations than the unique stack architecture. Compilers can choose to use the eight SSE registers as floating-point registers like those found in other computers. This change boosted the floating-point performance of the Pentium 4, the first microprocessor to include SSE2 instructions.
• 2003: A company other than Intel enhanced the x86 architecture this time. AMD announced a set of architectural extensions to increase the address space from 32 to 64 bits. Similar to the transition from a 16- to 32-bit address space in 1985 with the 80386, AMD64 widens all registers to 64 bits. It also increases the number of registers to 16 and increases the number of 128-bit SSE registers to 16. The primary ISA change comes from adding a new mode called long mode that redefines the execution of all x86 instructions with 64-bit addresses and data. To address the larger number of registers, it adds a new prefix to instructions. Depending how you count, long mode also adds four to ten new instructions and drops 27 old ones. PC-relative data addressing is another extension. AMD64 still has a mode that is identical to x86 (legacy mode) plus a mode that restricts user programs to x86 but allows operating systems to use AMD64 (compatibility mode). These modes allow a more graceful transition to 64-bit addressing than the HP/Intel IA-64 architecture.
• 2004: Intel capitulates and embraces AMD64, relabeling it Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T). The major difference is that Intel added a 128-bit atomic compare and swap instruction, which probably should have been included in AMD64. At the same time, Intel announced another generation of media extensions. SSE3 adds 13 instructions to support complex arithmetic, graphics operations on arrays of structures, video encoding, floating-point conversion, and thread synchronization. AMD will offer SSE3 in subsequent chips and it will almost certainly add the missing atomic swap instruction to AMD64 to maintain binary compatibility with Intel.
• 2006: Intel announces 54 new instructions as part of the SSE4 instruction set extensions. These extensions perform tweaks like sum of absolute differences, dot products for arrays of structures, sign or zero extension of narrow data to wider sizes, population count, and so on. They also added support for virtual machines.
• 2007: AMD announces 170 instructions as part of SSE5, including 46 instructions of the base instruction set that adds three operand instructions like MIPS.
• 2008: Intel announces the Advanced Vector Extension that expands the SSE register width from 128 to 256 bits, thereby redefining about 250 instructions and adding 128 new instructions.

Source: Computer Organization and Design, David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy

Evolution and History of Video Game Consoles 1976-2017

1976 – Fairchild Channel F
CPU Fairchild F8 | 128x64

1977 – Atari 2600
CPU MOS Technology 6507 @ 1.19MHz 8-bit | 128 bytes RAM |

1978 – Magnavox Odyssey 2
CPU Intel 8048 | 64 bytes RAM, 1024 bytes ROM | 160x200

1980 – Intellivision
CPU GI CP1610 | 524 bytes RAM | 40x24

1982 – ColecoVision
CPU Zilog Z80 | Storage 32 kB

1982 – Atari 5200
CPU MOS 6502C @ 1.79MHz

1983 – Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) / Famicom
CPU Ricoh 2A03 8-bit | 2 kB RAM | 256x240

1985 – Sega Master System / Sega Mark III
CPU Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz | 8 kB RAM, 16KB VRAM | 256×192

1986 – Atari 7800
CPU Atari SALLY 6502 @ 1.8MHz | 4 kB RAM | 320×240

1987 – Atari XEGS
CPU MOS Technology 6502C | 64 kB RAM | 384x240

1987 – TurboGrafx-16 / PC Engine
CPU Hudson Soft HuC6280 | 256 kB SRAM | 565×242

1988 – Sega Mega Drive / Sega Genesis
CPU Motorola 68000 @ 7.6 MHz, Zilog Z80 @ 3.58 MHz | 72 kB RAM | 320x240

1990 – Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super NES) / Super Famicom
CPU Ricoh 5A22 @ 3.58 MHz

1991 – Neo Geo System
CPU Motorola 68000 @ 12MHz, Zilog Z80A @ 4MHz | 64 kB RAM, 84 kB VRAM | 320×224

1993 – FM Towns Marty
CPU AMD 386SX 16MHz @ 32-bit | 2 MB RAM | 640x480

1993 – Atari Jaguar
CPU Motorola 68000 @ 16MHz 64-bit | 2 MB RAM

1993 – 3DO Interactive Multiplayer
CPU ARM60 12.5MHz @ 32-bit | 2 MB RAM | 32KB SDRAM Storage

1994 – PC-FX
CPU NEC V810 @ 21.5MHz 32-bit | 2 MB RAM | 256x240

1994 – Sega 32X
CPU 2xSH-2 @ 23MHz 32-bit | 256 kB RAM, 256 kB VRAM | 320×240

1994 – Sega Saturn
CPU 2×Hitachi SH-2 @ 28.6 MHz | 16 MB RAM | 704×224

1994 – Sony PlayStation
CPU R3000 @ 33.8MHz | 2 MB RAM, 1 MB VRAM | 640×480

1995 – Nintendo Virtual Boy
CPU NEC V810

1996 – Nintendo 64
CPU NEC VR4300 @ 93.75 MHz 64-bit | 4 MB RDRAM | 64 MB Storage

1998 – Sega Dreamcast
CPU Hitachi SH-4 32-bit RISC @ 200 MHz | 16 MB RAM | 640 × 480

2000 – Sony PlayStation 2
CPU Emotion Engine @ 300 MHz | 32 MB RDRAM | 480 x 480 | Storage 40 GB |

2001 – Nintendo GameCube
CPU IBM PowerPC Gekko @ 486 MHz

2001 – Microsoft Xbox
CPU Intel Pentium 3 @ 733 MHz | 64 MB DDR SDRAM | nVidia NV2A

2005 – Microsoft Xbox 360
CPU PowerPC Tri-Core Xenon @ 3.2 GHz | 512 MB GDDR3 RAM | ATI Xenos 500 MHz

2006 – Sony PlayStation 3
CPU Cell Broadband Engine @ 3.2 GHz | 256 MB XDR DRAM | NVIDIA/SCEI RSX 550 MHz

2006 – Nintendo Wii
CPU IBM PowerPC @ 729 MHz | ATI Hollywood 243 MHz

2011 – Nintendo 3DS
CPU ARM11 Dual-Core @ 268MHz, ARM9 single-core | 128 MB FCRAM, 6 MB VRAM | 800×240

2011 – Sony PlayStation Vita
CPU ARM Cortex-A9 Quad-core | 512 MB RAM, 128 MB VRAM | 960x544

2012 – Nintendo Wii U
CPU Tri-Core IBM PowerPC Espresso @ 1.24 GHz | 2 GB DDR3 RAM | AMD Radeon Latte 550 MHz

2013 – Sony PlayStation 4
CPU AMD Jaguar 8-core @ 1.6 GHz | 8 GB GDDR5 RAM | AMD GCN Radeon

2013 – Microsoft Xbox One
CPU AMD Jaguar 8-core @ 2.3 GHz | 5 GB DDR3 RAM | AMD Radeon GCN 1.172 GHz

2016 – Microsoft Xbox One S
CPU AMD 2 quad-core Jaguar @ 1.75 GHz | 8 GB DDR3 RAM | AMD Radeon GCN 914 MHz

2017 – Microsoft Xbox One X
CPU AMD 2 quad-core Evolved @ 2.3 GHz | 12 GB GDDR5 RAM | AMD Radeon GCN 1.172 GHz