quarta-feira, 25 de outubro de 2017

All Nobel Prizes Awarded 1901–2017

The Nobel Prize in Physics
2017 – Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne
2016 – David J. Thouless, F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz
2015 – Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald
2014 – Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura
2013 – François Englert and Peter W. Higgs
2012 – Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland
2011 – Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess
2010 – Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov
2009 – Charles Kuen Kao, Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith
2008 – Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa
2007 – Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg
2006 – John C. Mather and George F. Smoot
2005 – Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hänsch
2004 – David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek
2003 – Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg and Anthony J. Leggett
2002 – Raymond Davis Jr. and Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi
2001 – Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl E. Wieman
2000 – Zhores I. Alferov and Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby
1999 – Gerardus 't Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman
1998 – Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer and Daniel C. Tsui
1997 – Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips
1996 – David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff and Robert C. Richardson
1995 – Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines
1994 – Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull
1993 – Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
1992 – Georges Charpak
1991 – Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1990 – Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall and Richard E. Taylor
1989 – Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul
1988 – Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger
1987 – J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Müller
1986 – Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
1985 – Klaus von Klitzing
1984 – Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer
1983 – Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler
1982 – Kenneth G. Wilson
1981 – Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn
1980 – James Watson Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch
1979 – Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg
1978 – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson
1977 – Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck van Vleck
1976 – Burton Richter and Samuel Chao Chung Ting
1975 – Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo James Rainwater
1974 – Sir Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish
1973 – Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever, Brian David Josephson
1972 – John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer
1971 – Dennis Gabor
1970 – Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén, Louis Eugène Félix Néel
1969 – Murray Gell-Mann
1968 – Luis Walter Alvarez
1967 – Hans Albrecht Bethe
1966 – Alfred Kastler
1965 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman
1964 – Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov
1963 – Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen
1962 – Lev Davidovich Landau
1961 – Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer
1960 – Donald Arthur Glaser
1959 – Emilio Gino Segrè and Owen Chamberlain
1958 – Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank and Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm
1957 – Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee
1956 – William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain
1955 – Willis Eugene Lamb, Polykarp Kusch
1954 – Max Born, Walther Bothe
1953 – Frits Zernike
1952 – Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell
1951 – Sir John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton
1950 – Cecil Frank Powell
1949 – Hideki Yukawa
1948 – Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
1947 – Sir Edward Victor Appleton
1946 – Percy Williams Bridgman
1945 – Wolfgang Pauli
1944 – Isidor Isaac Rabi
1943 – Otto Stern
1942 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1941 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1940 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1939 – Ernest Orlando Lawrence
1938 – Enrico Fermi
1937 – Clinton Joseph Davisson and George Paget Thomson
1936 – Victor Franz Hess, Carl David Anderson
1935 – James Chadwick
1934 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1933 – Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
1932 – Werner Karl Heisenberg
1931 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1930 – Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
1929 – Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie
1928 – Owen Willans Richardson
1927 – Arthur Holly Compton, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
1926 – Jean Baptiste Perrin
1925 – James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz
1924 – Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn
1923 – Robert Andrews Millikan
1922 – Niels Henrik David Bohr
1921 – Albert Einstein
1920 – Charles Edouard Guillaume
1919 – Johannes Stark
1918 – Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
1917 – Charles Glover Barkla
1916 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1915 – Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
1914 – Max von Laue
1913 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1912 – Nils Gustaf Dalén
1911 – Wilhelm Wien
1910 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals
1909 – Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun
1908 – Gabriel Lippmann
1907 – Albert Abraham Michelson
1906 – Joseph John Thomson
1905 – Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
1904 – Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)
1903 – Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, née Sklodowska
1902 – Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman
1901 – Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen


The Nobel Prize in Literature
2017 – Kazuo Ishiguro
2016 – Bob Dylan
2015 – Svetlana Alexievich
2014 – Patrick Modiano
2013 – Alice Munro
2012 – Mo Yan
2011 – Tomas Tranströmer
2010 – Mario Vargas Llosa
2009 – Herta Müller
2008 – Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
2007 – Doris Lessing
2006 – Orhan Pamuk
2005 – Harold Pinter
2004 – Elfriede Jelinek
2003 – John M. Coetzee
2002 – Imre Kertész
2001 – Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul
2000 – Gao Xingjian
1999 – Günter Grass
1998 – José Saramago
1997 – Dario Fo
1996 – Wislawa Szymborska
1995 – Seamus Heaney
1994 – Kenzaburo Oe
1993 – Toni Morrison
1992 – Derek Walcott
1991 – Nadine Gordimer
1990 – Octavio Paz
1989 – Camilo José Cela
1988 – Naguib Mahfouz
1987 – Joseph Brodsky
1986 – Wole Soyinka
1985 – Claude Simon
1984 – Jaroslav Seifert
1983 – William Golding
1982 – Gabriel García Márquez
1981 – Elias Canetti
1980 – Czeslaw Milosz
1979 – Odysseus Elytis
1978 – Isaac Bashevis Singer
1977 – Vicente Aleixandre
1976 – Saul Bellow
1975 – Eugenio Montale
1974 – Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson
1973 – Patrick White
1972 – Heinrich Böll
1971 – Pablo Neruda
1970 – Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn
1969 – Samuel Beckett
1968 – Yasunari Kawabata
1967 – Miguel Angel Asturias
1966 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Nelly Sachs
1965 – Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre
1963 – Giorgos Seferis
1962 – John Steinbeck
1961 – Ivo Andric
1960 – Saint-John Perse
1959 – Salvatore Quasimodo
1958 – Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
1957 – Albert Camus
1956 – Juan Ramón Jiménez
1955 – Halldór Kiljan Laxness
1954 – Ernest Miller Hemingway
1953 – Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
1952 – François Mauriac
1951 – Pär Fabian Lagerkvist
1950 – Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell
1949 – William Faulkner
1948 – Thomas Stearns Eliot
1947 – André Paul Guillaume Gide
1946 – Hermann Hesse
1945 – Gabriela Mistral
1944 – Johannes Vilhelm Jensen
1943 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1942 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1941 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1940 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1939 – Frans Eemil Sillanpää
1938 – Pearl Buck
1937 – Roger Martin du Gard
1936 – Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
1935 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1934 – Luigi Pirandello
1933 – Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
1932 – John Galsworthy
1931 – Erik Axel Karlfeldt
1930 – Sinclair Lewis
1929 – Thomas Mann
1928 – Sigrid Undset
1927 – Henri Bergson
1926 – Grazia Deledda
1925 – George Bernard Shaw
1924 – Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont
1923 – William Butler Yeats
1922 – Jacinto Benavente
1921 – Anatole France
1920 – Knut Pedersen Hamsun
1919 – Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler
1918 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1917 – Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan
1916 – Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam
1915 – Romain Rolland
1914 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1913 – Rabindranath Tagore
1912 – Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann
1911 – Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck
1910 – Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse
1909 – Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf
1908 – Rudolf Christoph Eucken
1907 – Rudyard Kipling
1906 – Giosuè Carducci
1905 – Henryk Sienkiewicz
1904 – Frédéric Mistral, José Echegaray y Eizaguirre
1903 – Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson
1902 – Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen
1901 – Sully Prudhomme


The Nobel Peace Prize
2017 – International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)
2016 – Juan Manuel Santos
2015 – National Dialogue Quartet
2014 – Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai
2013 – Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
2012 – European Union (EU)
2011 – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman
2010 – Liu Xiaobo
2009 – Barack H. Obama
2008 – Martti Ahtisaari
2007 – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
2006 – Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank
2005 – International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei
2004 – Wangari Muta Maathai
2003 – Shirin Ebadi
2002 – Jimmy Carter
2001 – United Nations (U.N.) and Kofi Annan
2000 – Kim Dae-jung
1999 – Médecins Sans Frontières
1998 – John Hume and David Trimble
1997 – International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams
1996 – Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta
1995 – Joseph Rotblat and Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
1994 – Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin
1993 – Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk
1992 – Rigoberta Menchú Tum
1991 – Aung San Suu Kyi
1990 – Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
1989 – The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)
1988 – United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
1987 – Oscar Arias Sánchez
1986 – Elie Wiesel
1985 – International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
1984 – Desmond Mpilo Tutu
1983 – Lech Walesa
1982 – Alva Myrdal, Alfonso García Robles
1981 – Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1980 – Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
1979 – Mother Teresa
1978 – Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin
1977 – Amnesty International
1976 – Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan
1975 – Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
1974 – Seán MacBride, Eisaku Sato
1973 – Henry A. Kissinger, Le Duc Tho
1972 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1971 – Willy Brandt
1970 – Norman E. Borlaug
1969 – International Labour Organization (I.L.O.)
1968 – René Cassin
1967 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1966 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1965 – United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1964 – Martin Luther King Jr.
1963 – Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross), Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies)
1962 – Linus Carl Pauling
1961 – Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld
1960 – Albert John Lutuli
1959 – Philip J. Noel-Baker
1958 – Georges Pire
1957 – Lester Bowles Pearson
1956 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1955 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1954 – Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1953 – George Catlett Marshall
1952 – Albert Schweitzer
1951 – Léon Jouhaux
1950 – Ralph Bunche
1949 – Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin
1948 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1947 – Friends Service Council (The Quakers), American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers)
1946 – Emily Greene Balch, John Raleigh Mott
1945 – Cordell Hull
1944 – Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)
1943 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1942 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1941 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1940 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1939 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1938 – Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees)
1937 – Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)
1936 – Carlos Saavedra Lamas
1935 – Carl von Ossietzky
1934 – Arthur Henderson
1933 – Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)
1932 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1931 – Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler
1930 – Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom
1929 – Frank Billings Kellogg
1928 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1927 – Ferdinand Buisson, Ludwig Quidde
1926 – Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann
1925 – Sir Austen Chamberlain, Charles Gates Dawes
1924 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1923 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1922 – Fridtjof Nansen
1921 – Karl Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lous Lange
1920 – Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois
1919 – Thomas Woodrow Wilson
1918 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1917 – Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)
1916 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1915 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1914 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1913 – Henri La Fontaine
1912 – Elihu Root
1911 – Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Alfred Hermann Fried
1910 – Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau)
1909 – Auguste Marie François Beernaert, Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque
1908 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer
1907 – Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Louis Renault
1906 – Theodore Roosevelt
1905 – Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau
1904 – Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law)
1903 – William Randal Cremer
1902 – Élie Ducommun, Charles Albert Gobat
1901 – Jean Henry Dunant, Frédéric Passy


The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
2017 – Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson
2016 – Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa
2015 – Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar
2014 – Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner
2013 – Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel
2012 – Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka
2011 – Dan Shechtman
2010 – Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki
2009 – Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath
2008 – Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien
2007 – Gerhard Ertl
2006 – Roger D. Kornberg
2005 – Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock
2004 – Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose
2003 – Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
2002 – John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich
2001 – William S. Knowles and Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless
2000 – Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa
1999 – Ahmed H. Zewail
1998 – Walter Kohn, John A. Pople
1997 – Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
1996 – Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto and Richard E. Smalley
1995 – Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland
1994 – George A. Olah
1993 – Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
1992 – Rudolph A. Marcus
1991 – Richard R. Ernst
1990 – Elias James Corey
1989 – Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech
1988 – Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut Michel
1987 – Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen
1986 – Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi
1985 – Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle
1984 – Robert Bruce Merrifield
1983 – Henry Taube
1982 – Aaron Klug
1981 – Kenichi Fukui and Roald Hoffmann
1980 – Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger
1979 – Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig
1978 – Peter D. Mitchell
1977 – Ilya Prigogine
1976 – William N. Lipscomb
1975 – John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
1974 – Paul J. Flory
1973 – Ernst Otto Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson
1972 – Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore and William H. Stein
1971 – Gerhard Herzberg
1970 – Luis F. Leloir
1969 – Derek H. R. Barton and Odd Hassel
1968 – Lars Onsager
1967 – Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish and George Porter
1966 – Robert S. Mulliken
1965 – Robert Burns Woodward
1964 – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
1963 – Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta
1962 – Max Ferdinand Perutz and John Cowdery Kendrew
1961 – Melvin Calvin
1960 – Willard Frank Libby
1959 – Jaroslav Heyrovsky
1958 – Frederick Sanger
1957 – Lord (Alexander R.) Todd
1956 – Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood and Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
1955 – Vincent du Vigneaud
1954 – Linus Carl Pauling
1953 – Hermann Staudinger
1952 – Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge
1951 – Edwin Mattison McMillan and Glenn Theodore Seaborg
1950 – Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder
1949 – William Francis Giauque
1948 – Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
1947 – Sir Robert Robinson
1946 – James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley
1945 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
1944 – Otto Hahn
1943 – George de Hevesy
1942 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1941 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1940 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1939 – Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka
1938 – Richard Kuhn
1937 – Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer
1936 – Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
1935 – Frédéric Joliot and Irène Joliot-Curie
1934 – Harold Clayton Urey
1933 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1932 – Irving Langmuir
1931 – Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius
1930 – Hans Fischer
1929 – Arthur Harden and Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
1928 – Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
1927 – Heinrich Otto Wieland
1926 – The (Theodor) Svedberg
1925 – Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
1924 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1923 – Fritz Pregl
1922 – Francis William Aston
1921 – Frederick Soddy
1920 – Walther Hermann Nernst
1919 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1918 – Fritz Haber
1917 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1916 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1915 – Richard Martin Willstätter
1914 – Theodore William Richards
1913 – Alfred Werner
1912 – Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
1911 – Marie Curie, née Sklodowska
1910 – Otto Wallach
1909 – Wilhelm Ostwald
1908 – Ernest Rutherford
1907 – Eduard Buchner
1906 – Henri Moissan
1905 – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
1904 – Sir William Ramsay
1903 – Svante August Arrhenius
1902 – Hermann Emil Fischer
1901 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2017 – Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young
2016 – Yoshinori Ohsumi
2015 – William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura, Youyou Tu
2014 – John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser
2013 – James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof
2012 – Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka
2011 – Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann, Ralph M. Steinman
2010 – Robert G. Edwards
2009 – Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak
2008 – Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier
2007 – Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies
2006 – Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello
2005 – Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren
2004 – Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck
2003 – Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield
2002 – Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston
2001 – Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt and Sir Paul M. Nurse
2000 – Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric R. Kandel
1999 – Günter Blobel
1998 – Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad
1997 – Stanley B. Prusiner
1996 – Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1995 – Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus
1994 – Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell
1993 – Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp
1992 – Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs
1991 – Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann
1990 – Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas
1989 – J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus
1988 – Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings
1987 – Susumu Tonegawa
1986 – Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini
1985 – Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein
1984 – Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler and César Milstein
1983 – Barbara McClintock
1982 – Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane
1981 – Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel
1980 – Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset and George D. Snell
1979 – Allan M. Cormack and Godfrey N. Hounsfield
1978 – Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith
1977 – Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow
1976 – Baruch S. Blumberg and D. Carleton Gajdusek
1975 – David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco and Howard Martin Temin
1974 – Albert Claude, Christian de Duve and George E. Palade
1973 – Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen
1972 – Gerald M. Edelman and Rodney R. Porter
1971 – Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
1970 – Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod
1969 – Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador E. Luria
1968 – Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall W. Nirenberg
1967 – Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald
1966 – Peyton Rous, Charles Brenton Huggins
1965 – François Jacob, André Lwoff and Jacques Monod
1964 – Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen
1963 – Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley
1962 – Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
1961 – Georg von Békésy
1960 – Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Peter Brian Medawar
1959 – Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg
1958 – George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum, Joshua Lederberg
1957 – Daniel Bovet
1956 – André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards
1955 – Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell
1954 – John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller and Frederick Chapman Robbins
1953 – Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann
1952 – Selman Abraham Waksman
1951 – Max Theiler
1950 – Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein and Philip Showalter Hench
1949 – Walter Rudolf Hess, Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz
1948 – Paul Hermann Müller
1947 – Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Theresa Cori, Bernardo Alberto Houssay
1946 – Hermann Joseph Muller
1945 – Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey
1944 – Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser
1943 – Henrik Carl Peter Dam, Edward Adelbert Doisy
1942 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1941 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1940 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1939 – Gerhard Domagk
1938 – Corneille Jean François Heymans
1937 – Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt
1936 – Sir Henry Hallett Dale and Otto Loewi
1935 – Hans Spemann
1934 – George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot and William Parry Murphy
1933 – Thomas Hunt Morgan
1932 – Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and Edgar Douglas Adrian
1931 – Otto Heinrich Warburg
1930 – Karl Landsteiner
1929 – Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
1928 – Charles Jules Henri Nicolle
1927 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg
1926 – Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger
1925 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1924 – Willem Einthoven
1923 – Frederick Grant Banting and John James Rickard Macleod
1922 – Archibald Vivian Hill, Otto Fritz Meyerhof
1921 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1920 – Schack August Steenberg Krogh
1919 – Jules Bordet
1918 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1917 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1916 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1915 – No Nobel Prize was awarded this year.
1914 – Robert Bárány
1913 – Charles Robert Richet
1912 – Alexis Carrel
1911 – Allvar Gullstrand
1910 – Albrecht Kossel
1909 – Emil Theodor Kocher
1908 – Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and Paul Ehrlich
1907 – Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
1906 – Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal
1905 – Robert Koch
1904 – Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
1903 – Niels Ryberg Finsen
1902 – Ronald Ross
1901 – Emil Adolf von Behring


The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
2017 – Richard H. Thaler
2016 – Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström
2015 – Angus Deaton
2014 – Jean Tirole
2013 – Eugene F. Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert J. Shiller
2012 – Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley
2011 – Thomas J. Sargent and Christopher A. Sims
2010 – Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides
2009 – Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Williamson
2008 – Paul Krugman
2007 – Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin and Roger B. Myerson
2006 – Edmund S. Phelps
2005 – Robert J. Aumann and Thomas C. Schelling
2004 – Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott
2003 – Robert F. Engle III, Clive W.J. Granger
2002 – Daniel Kahneman, Vernon L. Smith
2001 – George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence and Joseph E. Stiglitz
2000 – James J. Heckman, Daniel L. McFadden
1999 – Robert A. Mundell
1998 – Amartya Sen
1997 – Robert C. Merton and Myron S. Scholes
1996 – James A. Mirrlees and William Vickrey
1995 – Robert E. Lucas Jr.
1994 – John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr. and Reinhard Selten
1993 – Robert W. Fogel and Douglass C. North
1992 – Gary S. Becker
1991 – Ronald H. Coase
1990 – Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller and William F. Sharpe
1989 – Trygve Haavelmo
1988 – Maurice Allais
1987 – Robert M. Solow
1986 – James M. Buchanan Jr.
1985 – Franco Modigliani
1984 – Richard Stone
1983 – Gerard Debreu
1982 – George J. Stigler
1981 – James Tobin
1980 – Lawrence R. Klein
1979 – Theodore W. Schultz and Sir Arthur Lewis
1978 – Herbert A. Simon
1977 – Bertil Ohlin and James E. Meade
1976 – Milton Friedman
1975 – Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich and Tjalling C. Koopmans
1974 – Gunnar Myrdal and Friedrich August von Hayek
1973 – Wassily Leontief
1972 – John R. Hicks and Kenneth J. Arrow
1971 – Simon Kuznets
1970 – Paul A. Samuelson
1969 – Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen

66 comentários:

  1. prof premraj pushpakaran writes --2017 marks the centenary birth year of Andrew Fielding Huxley!!!!

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  2. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the bicentenary birth year of Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen!!!!!!

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  3. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the 100th birth year of Robert Burns Woodward !!!

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  4. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the 100th birth year of William Standish Knowles !!!

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  5. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the 100th birth year of John B. Fenn !!!

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  6. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the 100th birth year of Leonid Hurwicz !!!

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  7. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the 100th birth year of John Warcup Cornforth !!!

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  8. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the 100th birth year of Leo James Rainwater !!!

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  9. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the 100th birth year of Christian de Duve !!!

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  10. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2017 marks the 100th birth year of Heinrich Böll!!!

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  11. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Edwin Gerhard Krebs!!!

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  12. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Fred Sanger!!!

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  13. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Arthur Kornberg!!!

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  14. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Julian Seymour Schwinger!!!

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  15. prof premraj pushpakaran writes - 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn!!

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  16. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Jerome Karle!!!

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  17. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Bertram Neville Brockhouse!!!

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  18. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 50th year of the invention of multiwire proportional chamber by Georges Charpak!!!

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  19. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Martin Ryle!!!

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  20. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Fukui Kenichi!!!

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  21. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Jens Christian Skou!!!

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  22. prof premraj pushpakaran writes -- 2018 marks the 100th birth year of Ernst Otto Fischer!!!

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  23. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2019 marks the 100th birth year of Joseph E. Murray!!!

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  24. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2019 marks the 100th birth year of Donald J. Cram!!!

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  25. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2019 marks the 100th birth year of Godfrey N. Hounsfield!!!

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  26. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2019 marks the 100th birth year of James M. Buchanan Jr.!!!

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  27. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2019 marks the 100th birth year of Doris Lessing!!!

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  28. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2019 marks the 100th birth year of William N. Lipscomb!!!

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  29. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of Nicolaas Bloembergen!!!

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  30. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of George Porter!!!

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  31. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of Edward Donnall Thomas!!!

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  32. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of Peter Dennis Mitchell!!!

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  33. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of Edmond Henri Fischer!!!

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  34. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of François Jacob!!!

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  35. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of Baruj Benacerraf!!!

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  36. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of Owen Chamberlain!!!

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  37. Prof Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the 100th birth year of John Charles Harsanyi!!!

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  38. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the birth centenary year of Lawrence Robert Klein!!!!
    https://publons.com/researcher/396483/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran
    https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=Ur9mg_AAAAAJ&hl=en

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  39. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2020 marks the birth centenary year of Douglass Cecil North!!!!
    https://publons.com/researcher/396483/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran
    https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=Ur9mg_AAAAAJ&hl=en

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  40. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Rosalyn Yalow!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  41. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Thomas Crombie Schelling!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  42. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Yoichiro Nambu!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  43. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Arthur Leonard Schawlow!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  44. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  45. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Kenneth Joseph Arrow!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  46. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Gerard Debreu!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  47. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Geoffrey Wilkinson!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  48. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2021 marks the birth centenary year of Robert Bruce Merrifield!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  49. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth bicentenary year of Frédéric Passy!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  50. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth centenary year of Har Gobind Khorana!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  51. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth centenary year of Stanley N. Cohen!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  52. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth centenary year of Robert William Holley!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  53. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth centenary year of Yitzhak Rabin!! !
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  54. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth centenary year of Hans Georg Dehmelt!!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  55. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth centenary year of Yang Chen-Ning!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  56. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth centenary year of José de Sousa Saramago!!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  57. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2022 marks the birth centenary year of Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov!!!!
    https://www.youth4work.com/y/profpremrajpushpakaran/Prof-Prem-Raj-Pushpakaran-popularity

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  58. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2023 marks the birth centenary year of Arvid Carlsson!!!
    https://worldarchitecture.org/profiles/gfhvm/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran-profile-page.html

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  59. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2023 marks the birth centenary year of Walter Kohn!!!
    https://worldarchitecture.org/profiles/gfhvm/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran-profile-page.html

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  60. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2023 marks the birth centenary year of Henry A. Kissinger!!!
    https://worldarchitecture.org/profiles/gfhvm/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran-profile-page.html

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  61. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2023 marks the birth centenary year of Nadine Gordimer!!
    https://worldarchitecture.org/profiles/gfhvm/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran-profile-page.html

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  62. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2023 marks the birth centenary year of Lloyd S. Shapley!!
    https://worldarchitecture.org/profiles/gfhvm/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran-profile-page.html

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  63. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2023 marks the birth centenary year of Merton H. Miller!!
    https://worldarchitecture.org/profiles/gfhvm/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran-profile-page.html

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  64. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2023 marks the birth centenary year of Val Logsdon Fitch!!
    https://worldarchitecture.org/profiles/gfhvm/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran-profile-page.html

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  65. Professor Prem raj Pushpakaran writes -- 2023 marks the birth centenary year of Daniel Carleton Gajdusek!!
    https://worldarchitecture.org/profiles/gfhvm/prof-prem-raj-pushpakaran-profile-page.html

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